Katherine Ann Porter (15 May 1890 - 18 September 1980) was a celebrated American journalist, essayist, short story writer and novelist. She is known for her flawless prose and penetrating psychological insight. Her works deal with dark themes including justice, betrayal, and the unforgiving nature of the human race.
Katherine Ann Porter was born Callie Russell Porter in Indian Creek, Texas to Harrison Boone Porter and Mary Alice Jones Porter. She was the great-granddaughter of legendary American frontiersman Daniel Boone. After her mother's death in 1892, Porter's father took his four surviving children to live with his mother, Catherine Ann Porter, in Kyle, Texas. The family lived there until her grandmother died in 1901. The depth of her grandmother's influence on her can be inferred from Porter's adoption of her name later in life.
After her grandmother's death, the family lived in several towns in Texas and Louisiana. She was enrolled in free schools wherever the family was living and for a year in 1904 she attend the Thomas School a private Methodist school in San Antonio, Texas. This was her only formal education beyond grammar school.
In 1906, she married John Henry Koontz. The Koontz family was Roman Catholic and Porter converted during this marriage. Her husband was physically abusive, and in 1914 she ran away to Chicago and worked briefly as an extra in movies. She soon returned to Texas and worked the small town circuit as an actress and singer. In 1915, she divorced her Koontz. As part of her divorce decree, she asked that her name be changed to Katherine Anne Porter. Much later in life, she incorporated her legal name, baptismal names and a refined version of her birth name and sometimes called herself "Katherine Anne Maria Veronica Callista Russell Porter."
Also in 1915, she was diagnosed with tuberculosis and spent the following two years in sanitoriums. In 1917, she began writing for the Fort Worth Critic, criticizing dramas and writing society gossip. In 1918, she wrote for the Rocky Mountain News in Denver, Colorado. During her time there, she almost died of influenza. This experience provided inspiration for her later story Pale Horse, Pale Rider. In 1919, she moved to Greenwich Village, and made her living ghost writing, writing children's stories and doing publicity work for a motion picture company. This year in New York City had a politically radicalizing effect on her.
In 1920, she went to work for a magazine publisher in Mexico and became acquainted with members of the Mexican leftist movement, including Diego Rivera. Eventually, she became disillusioned with the revolutionary movement and its leaders. During this period, she also became intensely critical of religion and remained so until the last decade of her life when she again embraced the Roman Catholic Church.
Between 1920 and 1930, she traveled back and forth between Mexico and New York City and began publishing short stories. She continued to depend on essays and book reviewing for financial support. In 1930, she published her first short story collection, Flowering Judas and Other Stories. It received such critical acclaim that it alone virtually assured her place in American literature.
In 1926, she married Ernest Stock and lived briefly in Connecticut before divorcing him in 1927. She had suffered several miscarriages and at least one stillbirth between 1910 and 1926. After she contracted gonorrhea from Stock, she had a hysterectomy in 1927 ending her hopes of having a child forever. She once confided to a friend, " I have lost children in all the ways one can."
During the 1930s, she spent several years in Europe during which she continued to publish short stories. In 1930, she married Eugene Pressley a writer 13 years her junior. Upon returning from Europe in 1938, she divorced Pressley and married Albert Russel Erskine, Jr., a graduate student who was 20 years younger than she. They divorced in 1942. She did not marry again.
For the next 20 years, she continued her writing and spoke out against totalitarianism, and against the excess of Senator Joseph McCarthy. She also became a mentor to younger writers including Eudora Welty, Eleanor Clark, William Humphrey, and Peter Taylor.
Porter worked sporadically for 30 years on her only long novel, Ship of Fools which was published in 1962. This work, which tells the tale of a group of disparate characters sailing from Mexico to Germany aboard a mixed freighter and passenger ship, is a satire that traces the rise of Nazism and looks metaphorically at the progress of the world on its "voyage to eternity."
Porter lived in and around the Washington, D.C. area for the final 18 years of her life. She continued to write and publish, and received numerous awards, tributes and honorary degrees. She died in Silver Spring, Maryland in her 91st year. Her ashes are buried alongside her mother's grave in Indian Creek, Texas. |
